Cheat Sheet Library | Raven Academy

Windows Command Prompt

16 entries

The commands you reach for constantly at a Windows help desk.

ipconfig /all	Full network configuration for every adapter
ipconfig /release + /renew	Drop and request a new DHCP lease
ipconfig /flushdns	Clear the local DNS resolver cache
ping <host>	Test basic reachability and latency
tracert <host>	Show the path packets take, hop by hop
nslookup <host>	Resolve a hostname to an IP via DNS
netstat -an	List active connections and listening ports
arp -a	Show the local ARP (IP-to-MAC) cache
route print	Show the local routing table
systeminfo	Full system and OS summary
gpupdate /force	Force an immediate Group Policy refresh
gpresult /r	Show which GPOs actually applied
sfc /scannow	Scan and repair protected system files
whoami	Show the current user context
tasklist	List running processes
taskkill /PID <id> /F	Force-terminate a process by ID

15 entries

Core commands for administering and troubleshooting Linux systems.

ip addr	Show network interfaces and IP addresses
ip route	Show the routing table
ping <host>	Test reachability and latency
traceroute <host>	Show the path to a destination, hop by hop
dig <host>	Detailed DNS lookup
ss -tulpn	List listening sockets and owning processes
journalctl -xe	Show recent, detailed system log entries
systemctl status <svc>	Check whether a service is running
systemctl restart <svc>	Restart a service
grep -R "text" .	Recursively search files for text
tcpdump -i eth0	Capture live network traffic on an interface
df -h	Show disk space usage, human-readable
top / htop	Live view of process resource usage
chmod / chown	Change file permissions / ownership
tail -f /var/log/syslog	Follow a log file live as it updates

12 entries

Structured, object-based commands for Windows administration.

Get-NetIPConfiguration	Full network config as structured objects
Test-NetConnection <host> -Port 443	Test reachability to a specific port
Resolve-DnsName <host>	DNS lookup, structured output
Clear-DnsClientCache	Flush the local DNS cache
Get-Process	List running processes with resource usage
Get-Service	List Windows services and their status
Restart-Service <name>	Restart a Windows service
Get-ADUser -Identity <user>	Look up an Active Directory user (RSAT)
Unlock-ADAccount -Identity <user>	Unlock a locked AD account
Get-WinEvent -LogName System -MaxEvents 20	Read recent system event log entries
Get-ExecutionPolicy	Check the current script execution policy
Invoke-WebRequest <url>	Make an HTTP request from the command line

13 entries

The everyday Git workflow, from clone to push.

git clone <url>	Copy a remote repository locally
git status	Show changed, staged, and untracked files
git add .	Stage all changes for commit
git commit -m "message"	Save staged changes with a message
git push	Send local commits to the remote
git pull	Fetch and merge remote changes
git branch <name>	Create a new branch
git checkout -b <name>	Create and switch to a new branch
git merge <branch>	Merge a branch into the current one
git log --oneline	Compact commit history
git diff	Show unstaged changes
git stash	Temporarily shelve uncommitted changes
git reset --hard HEAD	Discard all local changes (careful!)

12 entries

The subnet-mask-to-host-count table you always end up needing.

/24 — 255.255.255.0	256 addresses, 254 usable hosts
/25 — 255.255.255.128	128 addresses, 126 usable hosts
/26 — 255.255.255.192	64 addresses, 62 usable hosts
/27 — 255.255.255.224	32 addresses, 30 usable hosts
/28 — 255.255.255.240	16 addresses, 14 usable hosts
/29 — 255.255.255.248	8 addresses, 6 usable hosts
/30 — 255.255.255.252	4 addresses, 2 usable hosts (point-to-point links)
10.0.0.0/8	Private range, ~16.7 million addresses
172.16.0.0/12	Private range, ~1 million addresses
192.168.0.0/16	Private range, ~65,000 addresses
169.254.0.0/16	Link-local / APIPA — no DHCP lease obtained
127.0.0.0/8	Loopback range

15 entries

The ports that come up constantly in networking and security work.

20 / 21 — FTP	File transfer, data / control channel
22 — SSH	Secure remote shell and tunneling
25 — SMTP	Mail transfer between servers
53 — DNS	Domain name resolution
67 / 68 — DHCP	Dynamic IP address assignment
80 — HTTP	Unencrypted web traffic
110 — POP3	Mail retrieval (older)
123 — NTP	Time synchronization
143 — IMAP	Mail retrieval, multi-device sync
389 — LDAP	Directory services (e.g. Active Directory)
443 — HTTPS	Encrypted web traffic (TLS)
445 — SMB	Windows file and printer sharing
3306 — MySQL	MySQL/MariaDB database
3389 — RDP	Windows Remote Desktop
5432 — PostgreSQL	PostgreSQL database